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经济·economy （2）
135.mass production ：大规模生产
The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.
利用标准零件和生产线大批量生产商品
Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
大规模生产使得很多人能以更为便宜的价格享用某种产品。
136.microeconomics ：微观经济学
The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.
经济学的分支，研究生产和消费的单个单位。
Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
在未来微观经济会导致产品的专业化和客户化以方便顾客。
137.mogul ：商业巨头
Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.
非正式用语。商业或产业界的富有且势力大的人物。
We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
我们收看了一段电视访谈，采访对象是一位拥有一亿多美元资产的娱乐业巨头。
138.mommy track ：母亲路线
A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
女性的职业模式。指女性不愿晋升过快，以便有更多时间和家人相处。
Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
90年代，数以百万计的妇女宁愿走母亲路线也不愿攀登公司的官阶。
139.monopoly ：垄断
A domination of the market by a single company.
由单一公司统治市场的局面。
The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
打破垄断可以产生竞争，这会给公众带来更好的质量和更低的价格。
140.oligopoly ：寡头垄断
A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
少数商家占有市场，因此他们可以操纵价格和其他因素。
The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.
美国汽车工业是寡头垄断的行业，因为只有3家主安生产商。
141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防卫 17
An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
被定为兼并对象的公司通过出价收购敌对公司，从而阻止其恶意收购。
The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
在竞争残酷无情的80年代，对于那些希望躲过恶意兼并的公司来说，帕克曼防卫之类的战略手段太重要了。
142.Paper profit ：纸上盈利
An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.
对拥有的某种商品进行估价而计算出来的利润，因为商品没有出手，利润尚未实现。
Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.
因为评估了公司的所有的资产，去年杰克的生意才有纸上盈利。
143.paradigm shift ：改组
A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.
公司总裁通知公司上下将有重大变化时所用的词。
The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
一家大型软件生产商的总裁今天宣布要对其管理人员进行改组。
144.Peter Principle ：彼得原则
A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
一种认为在等级森严的公司里，每个职员都想升到其无法胜任的位置的说法。
The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.
在美国的劳动力大军里，常可听到”彼得原则”这个术语。
145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.
公司为挫败敌意兼并所采取的各式各样的方法，如发行新股票，为雇员制定慷慨的福利计划。这会使潜在的兼并者感到代价昂贵而放弃兼并。
146.power lunch ：事务餐
A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.
在工作午餐上，忙于紧张的交易和谈判而顾不上吃饭。
We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.
今天下午我们在事务餐上讨论了公司合并的可能性。
147.productivity ：生产力
A measure of ability to produce output from given input
一定投入得到产出的能力的衡量尺度。
Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.
XYZ公司本月的生产比上月略有提高。
148.quality control ：质量管理
Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
采用技术以消除次品，或提高经营水平。
No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
任何一家公司要想在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，就不得不重视质量管理。
149.raw goods ：原材料商品
Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.
源于自然，收购来用于生产的原始材料。
Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and 18
less valuable.
知识和信息正成为公司最有价值的资产，而原材料商品的价值越来越低。
150.recession ：衰退
A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.
国民经济在至少6个月的时间里没有任何增长。
A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
衰退的特点是需求下降，失业增加，国民生产总值减少。
151.recovery ：复苏
An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.
在经历衰退或萧条之后出现的经营活动的增加。
Economists often disagree on whether the U.S. is in a recovery or not.
经济学家们对美国经济是否已经复苏看法不一。
152.sanction ：制载
Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.
一国施加给另一国的强制性经济限制。
The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.
两个超级大国目前正就贸易制载进行谈判。
153.service economy ：服务经济
An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.
强调服务甚于工业生产的经济。
You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.
在今天的服务经济中，你可以享受到几乎任何形式的服务。
154.slump ：疲软
A decline in business activity.
经济活动的减少。
The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.
汽车工业从年初起就一直疲软。
155.smokestack industry ：浓烟工业
A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.
指重工业，如钢铁和汽车制造业。
Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.
信息和娱乐业正代替浓烟工业，在经济中充当创造财富的新型手段。
156.socioeconomic ：社会经济的
A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.
用以描述社会和经济因素的联系。
The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.
要了解社会的各个群体，必须研究社会经济的种种因素。
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